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Forex broker schnelle Ausfhrung Wie unterscheidet sich die FX TWIN PIPS von anderen EAs forex broker schnelle ausfhrung Bitte daytrading. Forex broker ausfhrung garantieren Die umgekehrte Kopf-Schulter-Formation Signale, aktienhandel fr unter 18 jahren forex hintergrundbilder herunterladen. Onlinehandel ausfhrung Die 222 traf die 100 bot fr binre Opere grene allgemeine goldhandel. Forex trading bcher beitrag td ameritrade windowsapp. Journal Club Philosophy Bem-vindo ao ITP Journal Club. Este parágrafo descreve as informações mais importantes: o Journal Club ocorre: cada terça (não durante os feriados) às 14:00 no Seminarraum 2.Stock Cada membro deve fazer uma palestra sobre um papel de sua escolha sob as seguintes condições : 1) Cada discussão deve durar 1 hora. O orador deve estar preparado para estimular algumas questões interessantes se nenhuma discussão se desenvolve por conta própria. (A discussão deve ser um dos pontos principais deste clube.) 2) O tópico da palestra é escolhido pelo falante. Deve ser em um papel de um jornal respeitado sobre física. Não deve estar em algo em que o falante atualmente esteja trabalhando diretamente. Claro que deve ser adequado para discussões. 3) O falante é livre para organizar sua palestra. O idioma pode ser inglês ou alemão. Um pode usar quadro-negro, folhetos, beamer, etc. 4) Planejamos duas semanas de antecedência. Então cada Diário do Clube será escolhido para o próximo, mas um clube. 5) Quando é seu turno você deve me enviar o seu papel pelo menos uma semana antes do clube do jornal. Vou colocar os detalhes on-line e fazer o anúncio de e-mail. 6) Se você está lutando para encontrar um papel adequado - role para baixo nesta página. A próxima reunião do Journal Club é na terça 2 de dezembro de 2014 às 14:00 na SR3OG. O clube do jornal reconhece o apoio por: Terça-feira, 2 de dezembro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Jakob Neumayer em Fotos ao redor do mundo Parte 1: maravilhas geológicas dos EUA - Arcos, Canyons, Ondas e Hoodoos, Resumo Siga-me no Deserto de arenito de Utah, Arizona e Nevada, onde encontramos relíquias da paisagem em nossa terra há milhões de anos. Nossa jornada começará na capital do Mor mon Culture Salt Lake City e nos levará para os parques nacionais mais pitorescos do oeste dos EUA. Encontraremos belos arcos de pedra natural no Parque Nacional Arches, canyons profundamente esculpidos no Parque Nacional Canyonlands, os incríveis pilares de pedra (Hoodoos) do Bryce Canyon, a beleza imbatível de um dos marcos mais protegidos dos EUA - The Wave E muitas outras belezas naturais deslumbrantes, como Sequóias gigantes, O nariz e a Half Dome, Devils Golf Course. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira, 25 de novembro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Antonius Dorda em Resolvendo a teoria do campo médio dinâmico de não-equilíbrio usando os estados de produto matricial, F. Alexander Wolf, Ian P. McCulloch e Ulrich Schollwck arXiv: 1410.3342 (2014) Resumo Resolvemos o Teoria de campo médio dinâmico de não-equilíbrio (DMFT) usando estados de produto de matriz (MPS). Isso nos permite tratar tamanhos de banho muito maiores e por isso atingem tempos substancialmente mais longos (fator 2 - 3) do que com diagonalização exata. Mostramos que a geometria da estrela do problema de impureza subjacente pode ter propriedades de emaranhamento substancialmente melhores do que a geometria da cadeia anteriormente favorecida. Isso tem imensas conseqüências para a eficiência de uma descrição baseada em MPS de problemas de impurezas gerais: no caso do equilíbrio de DMFT, ele leva a uma aceleração de ordem de magnitude. Introduzimos uma aproximação para a função de hibridação em duas vezes que usa invariância de tradução temporal, que pode ser observada após um certo tempo de relaxamento após uma extinção a um Hamiltoniano independente do tempo. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira 18 de novembro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Johann Potoschnig em Magnetotransport perto de um ponto crítico quântico em um metal simples, Ya. B. Bazaliy, R. Ramazashvili, Q. Si e M. R. Norman Phys. Rev. B 69, 144423 (2004) Resumo Usamos considerações geométricas para estudar propriedades de transporte, como a coeficiente de condutividade e Hall, perto do início de uma onda de densidade de rotação orientada por nidificação em um metal simples. Em particular, motivados por experimentos recentes sobre o cromo dopado com vanádio, estudamos a variação dos coeficientes de transporte com o início do magnetismo dentro de um tratamento de campo médio de um modelo que contém superfícies quase ferradas de elétrons e furos Fermi. Mostramos que a maioria dos coeficientes de transporte exibem uma dependência líder que é linear no intervalo de energia. O coeficiente do termo linear, no entanto, pode ser pequeno. Em particular, achamos que a condutividade de Hall xy é essencialmente inalterada, devido à compensação de elétron-furo, à medida que o sistema passa pelo ponto crítico quântico. Esta conclusão expõe uma observação semelhante que fizemos anteriormente para o caso de superfícies de Fermi completamente planas na vizinhança imediata do ponto crítico quântico onde o ninho está presente, mas não perfeito. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira, 11 de novembro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Manuel Zingl em Thermopower do FeSi semicondutor Correlated Narrow Gap e Comparação com RuSi, por Jan M. Tomczak, K. Haule e G. Kotliar arXiv: 1210.3379 (2012) Resumo Ferro Os semicondutores de intervalo estreito baseados, como FeSi, FeSb2 ou FeGa3, receberam muita atenção porque exibem um termopoder grande, bem como semelhanças impressionantes com isoladores de fermão pesados ​​de Kondo. Muitas propostas foram avançadas, no entanto, sem metodologias quantitativas aplicadas a esse problema, um consenso permaneceu evasivo até à data. Aqui, empregamos cálculos realistas de vários corpos para elucidar o impacto dos efeitos de correlação eletrônica no FeSi. Nossa metodologia explica todas as anomalias substanciais observadas em FeSi: a metalização, a falta de conservação do peso espectral na espectroscopia óptica e a susceptibilidade Curie. Em particular, encontramos um acordo muito bom para a energia termoelétrica anômala. Validados por esta congruência com o experimento, discutimos ainda uma nova imagem física da natureza microscópica do cruzamento isolador-a-metal. Na verdade, encontramos a supressão do coeficiente de Seebeck a ser conduzida pela incoerência induzida por correlação. Finalmente, comparamos FeSi com o seu homólogo iso-estrutural e iso-eletrônico RuSi, e prevemos que o Fe (1-x) Ru (x) Si parcialmente substituído exibirá um aumento de temperatura em temperaturas intermediárias. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira, 4 de novembro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Irakli Titvinidze na troca magnética indireta inversa em uma e maiores dimensões, de Andrej Schwabe, Irakli Titvinidze e Michael Potthoff Phys. Rev. B 88, 121107 (R) (2013) Resumo As propriedades do estado do solo magnético do modelo periódico de Anderson e Kondo-rede com um esgotamento regular dos sites correlacionados são analisadas por meio de diferentes abordagens teóricas e numéricas. Consideramos o modelo na cadeia unidimensional e na rede quadrada bidimensional com salto entre os vizinhos mais próximos. No meio enchimento e com impurezas correlacionadas presentes em cada segundo local, os modelos periódicos esgotados periódicos Anderson e Kondo são os sistemas mais simples onde o acoplamento magnético indireto mediado pelos elétrons de condução é ferromagnético. Discutimos a estrutura eletrônica subjacente e os possíveis mecanismos que resultam em ordem ferromagnética de longo alcance. Para este fim, diferentes conceitos numéricos e analíticos são aplicados ao Anderson esgotado e também à estrutura de Kondo empobrecida relacionada e são contrastados um com o outro. Isso inclui abordagens numéricas, ou seja, a teoria de Hartree-Fock, a renormalização da matriz de densidade e a teoria do campo médio dinâmico, bem como conceitos analíticos, ou seja, uma variante do teorema de Lieb-Mattis, o conceito de ferromagnetismo de banda plana e abordagens perturbativas, Ou seja, a troca efetiva de RKKY no limite da troca magnética fraca fraca e inversa no limite de forte acoplamento entre a banda de condução e as impurezas. Finalmente, também investigamos a robustez do estado ferromagnético para temperaturas finitas e longe do meio enchimento. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira, 28 de outubro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 3º andar: Priyanka Seth sobre interações locais dependentes de freqüência e modelos efetivos de baixa energia a partir de cálculos de estrutura eletrônica, por F. Aryasetiawan, M. Imada, A. Georges, G. Kotliar, S Biermann e AI Lichtenstein Phys. Rev. B 70, 195104 (2004) Resumo Propomos um procedimento sistemático para a construção de modelos efetivos de materiais fortemente correlacionados. Os parâmetros, em particular a interação Coulomb selecionada no local U, são calculados a partir dos primeiros princípios, utilizando a aproximação de fase aleatória. Nós derivamos uma expressão para o U (w) dependente da freqüência e mostra, para o caso do níquel, que sua parte de alta freqüência tem influência significativa nas funções espectrais. Propomos um esquema para levar em conta a dependência de energia de U (w), de modo que um modelo com uma interação local independente de energia ainda pode ser usado para propriedades de baixa energia. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Terça-feira, 21 de outubro de 2014, 14:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Christopher Albert on Space. A fronteira final. Estas são as viagens do Starship Voyager 1. Sua missão contínua: explorar novos mundos estranhos. Para buscar nova vida, novas civilizações. Para corajosamente ir para onde ninguém já foi antes, por SM Krimigis, RB Decker, EC Roelof, ME Hill, TP Armstrong, G. Gloeckler, DC Hamilton e LJ Lanzerotti Science 34 6142, 144-147 (2013) por LF Burlaga, NF Ness e EC Stone Science 34 6142, 147-150 (2013) por EC Stone, AC Cummings, FB McDonald, BC Heikkila, N. Lal e WR Webber Science 34 6142, 150-153 (2013) Resumo Nós relatamos medidas de energia ( 40 kiloelectron volts) partículas carregadas na Voyager 1 da região de interface entre o heliosheath, dominado pelo plasma solar aquecido, e o meio interestelar local, que deverá conter o plasma não-solar frio e o campo magnético galáctico. Partículas de origem solar na Voyager 1, localizadas em 18,5 bilhões de quilômetros (123 unidades astronômicas) do Sol, diminuíram por 3 fator de 10 em 25 de agosto de 2012, enquanto as de origem galáctica (raios cósmicos) aumentaram 9,3 ao mesmo tempo. As mudanças de intensidade apareceram primeiro para as partículas que se moviam na direção azimutal e eram seguidas por aqueles que se moviam nas direções radial e antiradialidade em relação ao vetor do raio solar. Esta região inesperada de depleção heliosférica pode fazer parte da interface entre o plasma solar e a galáxia. Obrigado a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp por suporte. Quinta-feira, 26 de junho de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Robert Triebl no BICEP2 I: Detecção de polarização de modo B em Escalas angulares de grau, por BICEP2 Colaboração arXiv: 1403.3985v2 (2014) Resumo Nós relatamos os resultados do experimento BICEP2, Um polarímetro de fundo microscópico Cosmic Microwa ve (CMB) projetado especificamente para procurar o sinal de ondas gravitacionais inflacionárias no espectro de potência em modo B em torno de 180. O telescópio compreendeu um sistema óptico de refração de abertura de 26 cm, equipado com um plano focal de 512 sensores de borda de transição acoplados à antena (TES) 150 bolípedes com sensibilidade de temperatura de aprox. 300 uk. sqrt (s). O BICEP2 observou do pólo sul por três temporadas de 2010 a 2012. Uma região de baixo nível do céu com uma área efetiva de 380 graus quadrados foi observada a uma profundidade de 87 nK-graus em Stokes Q e U. Neste artigo, nós Descreva as observações, redução de dados, mapas, simulações e resultados. Encontramos um excesso de potência de modo B sobre a expectativa de lente de base-LCDM na faixa de 30 5. Através de testes e simulações de jackknife com base em medidas detalhadas de calibração, mostramos que a contaminação sistemática é muito menor do que o excesso observado. Também estimamos possíveis sinais em primeiro plano e descobrimos que os modelos disponíveis prevêem que estes sejam consideravelmente menores que o sinal observado. Esses modelos em primeiro plano não possuem correlação cruzada significativa com nossos mapas. Além disso, BICEP2 corretor cruzado contra mapas de 100 GHz do experimento BICEP1, o excesso de sinal é confirmado com 3 significados e seu índice espectral é consistente com o do CMB, o sincrotrão desfavorável ou pó em 2,3 e 2,2, respectivamente. O espectro de potência do modo B observado é adequado - com um modelo teórico de tensor LCDM lente com razão tensorcalar r0.200.070.05, com r0 desfavorável em 7.0. Subtrair a melhor estimativa disponível para poeiras de primeiro plano modifica ligeiramente a probabilidade de que r0 seja desfavorecido em 5,9. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Sexta-feira 13 de junho de 2014, 10:30 sala de seminários 2º andar: Aleksey Kolmogorov sobre Previsão e descoberta de materiais exóticos com uma pesquisa evolutiva, 1 A. N. Kolmogorov, maise-guide. org (2009) 2 A. G. Van Der Geest e A. N. Kolmogorov, CALPHAD, 46 184 (2014) 3 H. Gou, N. Dubrovinskaia, E. Bykova, AA Tsirlin, D. Kasinathan, A. Ric hter, M. Merlini, M. Hanfland, AM Abakumov, D. Batuk, G Van Tendeloo, Y. Nakajima, AN Kolmogorov, L. Dubrovinsky, PRL 111, 157002 (2013) 4 AN Kolmogorov, S. Shah, ER Margine, AK Kleppe e AP Jephcoat, PRL 109, 075501 (2012) 5 AN Em busca de novos supercondutores mediados por fonon, concluímos recentemente a análise ab initio mais extensa do boreto de metal. Materiais. Uma combinação de rastreamento de alto rendimento, pesquisa evolutiva segmentada 1 e design racional foram empregados para examinar mais de 12 000 materiais candidatos M-B relevantes 2. Dezenas de estruturas ou compostos novos ou sintetizáveis ​​foram identificados sob pressões ambientais e elevadas. Algumas das previsões já foram confirmadas em experiências conjuntas 3-5. Eles descobriram que os materiais incluem um superconductor inesperado mediado por fonon baseado em Fe e um polimorfo de alta pressão surpreendentemente complexo de CaB6. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira, 22 de maio de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Gerhard Unger em Métodos numéricos para problemas de autovalores usando integração de contorno, Resumo Os métodos numéricos para problemas de autovalor com integração de contorno atraíram recentemente muita atenção. Esses métodos são adequados para a aproximação de todos os autovalores (e todos os eigenvectors relacionados) de um problema de autovalor dentro de um contorno dado no plano complexo. O princípio básico desses métodos é que o subespaço invariante (intervalo de autovetores), que está relacionado aos autovalores dentro de um contorno dado, pode ser representado usando a integral sobre o contorno do resolvente. Uma aproximação eficiente de tais integrais de contorno é possível por esquemas de quadratura numéricos padrão, e. G. Pela regra trapezoidal composta. Uma variante importante destes métodos pode ser considerada como um método de tipo Rayleigh-Ritz onde o problema do autovalor é projetado para o subespaque invariável aproximado, que é calculado pela integração do contorno do resolvente. Uma vantagem desta variante em comparação com um método de tipo Krylov é a escalabilidade melhor e mais fácil em arquiteturas de computadores paralelas. Na minha palestra, os princípios básicos dos métodos numéricos para problemas de autovalor que se baseiam na integração do contorno são introduzidos e a variável de tipo Rayleigh-Ritz é descrita. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira, 22 de maio de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Martin Ganahl na Caracterização da Ordem Topológica pelo Estudo dos Estados Terrestres em um Cilindro Infinito, por L. Cincio e G. Vidal PRL 110, 067208 (2013) Resumo Dado um Hamiltoniano de rede microscópica Para uma fase topologicamente ordenada, propomos uma abordagem numérica para caracterizar o modelo emergente de qualquer modelo e, em uma fase quiral, também é a sua teoria da borda sem falhas. Primeiro, uma representação de rede tensorial de um conjunto completo e ortonormal de estados terrestres em um cilindro de comprimento infinito e largura finita é obtida por meio de otimização numérica. Cada um desses estados terrestres é argumentado ter um fluxo de fluxo anyonic diferente através do cilindro. Em seguida, uma base quasiorthogonal no torus é produzida cortando e reconectando a representação da rede do tensor no cilindro. A partir dessas duas bases, e usando uma série de resultados anteriores, mais notavelmente a recente proposta de Y. Zhang et al. Phys. Rev. B 85, ​​235151 (2012) para extrair as matrizes U e S modulares, obtemos (i) uma lista completa de anyon types i, juntamente com (ii) suas dimensões quânticas di e dimensão quântica total D, (iii) suas Regras de fusão Nijk, (iv) suas estatísticas mútuas, como codificadas nas entradas fora da diagonal Sij de S, (v) suas auto-estatísticas ou rotas topológicas i, (vi) a carga central topológica c do modelo anyon e, Em uma fase quiral (vii) o baixo espectro de energia de cada setor da teoria do campo de conformidade conforme. Como uma aplicação concreta, estudamos o modelo Haldane do Boson Hard-Core, usando o grupo de renormalização da matriz de densidade bidimensional. Uma caracterização completa de suas propriedades globais de massa e borda mostra inequivocamente que realiza um estado Hall Quatricano fracionário de 12 bosones. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira, 15 de maio de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Johann Pototschnig sobre Probabilidade subjetiva e certeza quântica, por Carlton M. Caves, Christopher A. Fuchs e Ruediger Schack arXiv: quant-ph0608190 Resumo Na abordagem bayesiana da mecânica quântica, probabilidades - - e, portanto, estados quânticos - representam um agente graus de crença, em vez de corresponderem a propriedades objetivas dos sistemas físicos. Neste trabalho, investigamos o conceito de certeza na mecânica quântica. Em particular, mostramos como as previsões de probabilidade 1 derivadas de estados quânticos puros destacam uma diferença fundamental entre nossa abordagem bayesiana, por um lado, e Copenhague e interpretações semelhantes, por outro. Examinamos primeiro os principais argumentos para a afirmação geral de que as probabilidades sempre representam graus de crença. Então, argumentamos que um estado quântico preparado por algum dispositivo físico depende sempre de uma crença prévia dos agentes, o que implica que as previsões de probabilidade 1 derivadas desse estado também dependem das crenças anteriores dos agentes. A certeza quântica é, portanto, sempre uma certeza de alguns agentes. Por outro lado, se os fatos sobre uma instalação experimental pudessem implicar uma certeza independente do agente para um resultado de medição, como em muitas interpretações semelhantes a Copenhague, esse resultado corresponderia efetivamente a uma propriedade de sistema preexistente. A idéia de que os resultados de medição que ocorrem com certeza corresponde às propriedades do sistema preexistente é, no entanto, em conflito com a localidade. Enfatizamos isso dando uma versão de um argumento de Stairs A. Stairs, Phil. Sci. 50, 578 (1983), que aplica o teorema de Kochen-Specker a um sistema bipartido emaranhado. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira, 8 de maio de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Georg Huhs em SIESTA-PEXSI: método massivamente paralelo para simulação de materiais ab initio eficiente e preciso sem diagonalização de matriz, por Georg Huhs Resumo Resumo descrevemos um esquema de estrutura eletrônica de grande escala eficiente Cálculos baseados na combinação da expansão do pólo e da técnica de inversão selecionada (PEXSI) com o método SIESTA, que usa orbitais atômicos numéricos dentro da estrutura da teoria funcional da densidade de Kohn-Sham (KSDFT). A técnica PEXSI pode utilizar eficientemente o padrão de sparsidade das matrizes Hamiltonianas e de Sobreposição geradas em SIESTA e, para sistemas grandes, possui uma complexidade computacional muito menor que a associada ao procedimento de diagonalização da matriz. A técnica PEXSI pode avaliar a densidade de elétrons, energia livre, forças atômicas, densidade de estados e densidade local de estados sem calcular nenhum autovalor ou vetor próprio do hamiltoniano Kohn-Sham e com precisão totalmente comparável à obtida do procedimento de diagonalização da matriz para Sistemas gerais, incluindo sistemas metálicos a baixa temperatura. O método PEXSI também é altamente escalável, com a técnica PEXSI massivamente paralela recentemente desenvolvida, tornando o uso eficiente de mais de 10 000 processadores em máquinas de alto desempenho. Demonstramos o desempenho e precisão do método SIESTA-PEXSI usando vários exemplos de cálculos de estrutura eletrônica em grande escala, incluindo 1D, 2D e problemas em massa com caracteres isolantes, semi-metálicos e metálicos. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira 10 de abril de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Manuel Zingl em Spin Density Waves no modelo Hubbard - Uma abordagem de DMFT, por Robert Peters, Norio Kawakami arXiv: 1403.4315 Análise Analisamos as ondas de densidade de rotação (SDWs) no modelo Hubbard Em uma rede quadrada dentro do quadro da teoria do campo médio dinâmico não homogêneo (iDMFT). Dopar o modelo Hubbard meio cheio resulta em uma mudança do estado Neel antiferromagnético, que existe exatamente no meio preenchimento, para uma fase de SDWs incomumensurate. Estudos anteriores desta fase dependem principalmente de cálculos de campo médio estático. Neste artigo, usaremos cálculos iDMFT em larga escala para estudar propriedades de SDWs no modelo Hubbard. Uma grande vantagem do iDMFT em abordagens de campo médio estático é a inclusão de efeitos locais de rastreio e o acesso fácil a funções de correlação dinâmica. Além disso, esta técnica não se restringe ao modelo Hubbard, mas pode ser facilmente usada para estudar fases incomensuráveis ​​em vários materiais fortemente correlacionados. Graças a Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull e ITPcp para suporte. Quinta-feira 27 de março de 2014, 13:00 sala de seminários 2º andar: Markus Aichhorn sobre conversão de energia solar e emissão de luz em um diodo pn monocamada atômica, por Andreas Pospischil, Marco M. Furchi e Thomas Mueller Nature Nanotechnology (2014) Resumo As limitações de Os semicondutores a granel atualmente utilizados em dispositivos eletrônicos de rigidez, peso pesado e altos custos recentemente mudaram os esforços de pesquisa para cristais atômicos bidimensionais1, como o grafeno2 e os dicálcenos de metal de transição atômicamente finos3, 4. Esses materiais têm potencial para serem produzidos a baixo custo e Em grandes áreas, mantendo alta qualidade de material. Essas propriedades, bem como sua flexibilidade, criam cristais atômicos bidimensionais atraentes para aplicações como células solares ou painéis de exibição. Os blocos de construção básicos de dispositivos optoeletrônicos são diodos de junção pn, mas ainda não foram demonstrados em um material bidimensional. Aqui, relatamos um diodo de junção pn com base em uma monocamada diselenida de tungstênio dopada eletrostática5 (WSe2). Apresentamos aplicações como célula solar fotovoltaica, um fotodiodo e um diodo emissor de luz, e obter conversão de energia leve e eficiências de eletricidade de 0,1, respectivamente. Given recent advances in the large-scale production of two-dimensional crystals6, 7, we expect them to profoundly impact future developments in solar, lighting and display technologies. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Thursday March 20 2014, 13:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Georg Winkler on Defining and detecting quantum speedup , by Troels F. Ronnow, Zhihui Wang, Joshua Job, Sergio Boixo, Sergei V. Isakov, David Wecker, John M. Martinis, Daniel A. Lidar and Matthias Troyer arXiv:1401.2910 (2010) see also Evidence for quantum annealing with more than one hundred qubitsAbstract The development of small-scale digital and analog quantum devices raises the question of how to fairly assess and compare the computational power of classical and quantum devices, and of how to detect quantum speedup. Here we show how to define and measure quantum speedup in various scenarios, and how to avoid pitfalls that might mask or fake quantum speedup. We illustrate our discussion with data from a randomized benchmark test on a D-Wave Two device with up to 503 qubits. Comparing the performance of the device on random spin glass instances with limited precision to simulated classical and quantum annealers, we find no evidence of quantum speedup when the entire data set is considered, and obtain inconclusive results when comparing subsets of instances on an instance-by-instance basis. Our results for one particular benchmark do not rule out the possibility of speedup for other classes of problems and illustrate that quantum speedup is elusive and can depend on the question posed. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Wednesday March 12 2014, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : general discussion on We will fix this year schedule and dates. , Abstract We present surprising experimental evidence regarding the past of photons passing through an interferometer. The information about the positions through which the photons pass in the interferometer is retrieved from modulations of the detected signal at the vibration frequencies of mirrors the photons bounce off. From the analysis we conclude that the past of the photons is not represented by continuous trajectories, although a common sense analysis adopted in various welcher weg measurements, delayed-choice which-path experiments, and counterfactual communication demonstrations yields a single trajectory. The experimental results have a simple explanation in the framework of the two-state vector formalism of quantum theory. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday January 24 2014, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Robert Triebl on Wild swarms of midges linger at the edge of an ordering phase transition , by A. Attanasi, A. Cavagna, L. Del Castello, I. Giardina, S. Melillo, L. Parisi, O. Pohl, B. Rossaro, E. Shen, E. Silvestri and M. Viale arXiv:1307.5631Abstract The most notable hallmark of collective behaviour in biological systems is the emergence of order: individuals polarize their state, giving the stunning impression that the group behaves as one. Mating swarms of mosquitoes and midges, however, do not display global order and it is therefore unclear whether swarms are a true instance of collective behaviour or a mere epiphenomenon of the independent response of each insect to an environmental stimulus. Here, we experimentally study wild swarms of midges by measuring their susceptibility, namely the capability to collectively respond to an external perturbation. The susceptibility is way larger than that of a noninteracting system, indicating the presence of strong coordination, and it increases sharply with the swarm density, a distinctive mark of an incipient ordering phase transition. We find that swarms live at the near-critical edge of this transition, suggesting that their size and density are tuned to maximize collective response. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Abstract What can you do with the Raspberry Pi, a 35 computer the size of a credit card All sorts of things If youre learning how to program, or looking to build new electronic projects, this hands-on guide will show you just how valuable this flexible little platform can be. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday January 10 2014, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Christopher Albert on Sustainable Energy without the hot air Energy Storage , by David MacKay withouthotairAbstract The public discussion of energy options tends to be intensely emotional, polarized, mistrustful, and destructive. Every option is strongly opposed: the public seem to be anti-wind, anti-coal, anti-waste-to-energy, anti-tidal-barrage, anti-fuel-duty, and anti-nuclear. We cant be anti-everything We need an energy plan that adds up. But theres a lack of numeracy in the public discussion of energy. Where people do use numbers, they select them to sound big, to make an impression, and to score points in arguments, rather than to aid thoughtful discussion. My motivation in writing Sustainable Energy - without the hot air (available both on paper, and for free in electronic form withouthotair) is to promote constructive conversations about energy, instead of the perpetual Punch and Judy show. Ive tried to write an honest, educational and fun book.2 I hope the book will help build a cross-party consensus in favour of urgently making an energy plan that adds up. Sustainable Energy - without the hot air presents the numbers that are needed to answer these questions: How huge are Britains renewable resources, compared with our current energy consumption How big do renewable energy facilities have to be, to make a significant contribution How big would our energy consumption be if we adopted strong efficiency measures Which efficiency measures offer big savings, and which offer only 5 or 10 Do new much-hyped technologies such as hydrogen or electric cars reduce energy consumption, or do they actually make our energy problem worse Wherever possible, I answer these questions from first principles. To make the numbers comparable and comprehensible, I express all energies and powers in a single set of units: energies are measured in kilowatt-hours (the same units that you see on your electricity bills and gas bills, costing 10p a pop), and powers are measured in kilowatt-hours per day, per person. Everyday choices involve small numbers of kWh per day. If I have a hot bath, I use 5 kWh of energy. If I were to drive from Cambridge to London and back in an average car, I would use 130 kWh. Let me give you three examples of what we learn when we work out the numbers. First, switching off the phone charger. I think I first heard this idea from the BBC, the idea that one of the top ten things you should do to make a difference to your energy consumption is to switch off the phone charger when you are not using it. The truth is that leaving the phone charger switched on uses about 0.01 kWh per day. This means that switching the phone charger off for a whole day saves the same energy as is used in driving an average car for one second. Switching off phone chargers is like bailing the Titanic with a teaspoon. Second, hydrogen for transport: all hydrogen-powered transport prototypes increase energy consumption compared to ordinary fossil-cars whereas electric vehicles are significantly more energy efficient than fossil-cars. So hydrogen vehicles make our energy problem worse, and electric vehicles make it better. Third, here are the numbers for wave power. We often hear that Britain has a huge wave resource. But how huge is the technical potential of wave power compared with our huge consumption If 1000 km of Atlantic coastline were completely filled with Pelamis wave machines, the average power delivered would be 2.4 kWh per day per person. That is indeed a huge amount of power: but todays British total energy consumption is on average 125 kWh per day per person. (Thats for all forms of energy: electrical, transport, heating - not just electricity.) So a country-sized wave farm would deliver an average power equal to 2 of our current power consumption. Im not saying we should not invest in wave power. But we need to know the truth about the scale of renewables required. This message applies, sadly, to almost all renewables in Britain (wind, tide, photovoltaics, hydroelectricity, biofuels, for example): to make a substantial contribution, renewable facilities have to be country-sized. And this is perhaps the most important message: the scale of action required to put in place a sustainable energy solution. Even if we imagine strong efficiency measures and smart technology-switches that halved our energy consumption from 125 kWh per day per person to 60 kWh per day (which would be lower than the per-capita consumption of any developed country today), we should not kid ourselves about the challenge of supplying 60 kWh per day without fossil fuels. Among the low-carbon energy supply options, the three with the biggest potential are wind power, nuclear power, and concentrating solar power in other peoples deserts. And here is the scale that is required if (for simplicity) we wanted to get one third from each of these sources: we would have to build wind farms with an area equal to the area of Wales we would have to build 50 Sizewells of nuclear power and we would need solar power stations in deserts covering an area twice the size of Greater London. Of course Im not recommending this particular mix of options there are many mixes that add up and a more detailed story would discuss other technologies such as clean coal with carbon capture and storage (as yet, unproven) and energy storage systems to cope with fluctuations of supply and demand. Whatever mix you choose, if it adds up, we have a very large building task. The simple windnuclearsolar mix I just mentioned would involve roughly a hundred-fold increase in wind power over 2006 3, and a five-fold increase in nuclear power 4 the solar power in deserts would require new long-distance cables connecting the Sahara to Surrey, with a capacity 25 times greater than the existing England-France interconnector. Its not going to be easy to make a energy plan that adds up but it is possible. We need to get building. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday December 20 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Johann Pototschnig on Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power , by Pushker A. Kharecha and James E. Hansen Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (9), pp 4889-4895Abstract In the aftermath of the March 2011 accident at Japans Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the future contribution of nuclear power to the global energy supply has become somewhat uncertain. Because nuclear power is an abundant, low - carbon source of base-load power, it could make a large contribution to mitigation of global climate change and air pollution. Using historical production data, we calculate that global nuclear power has prevented an average of 1.84 million air pollution-related deaths and 64 gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent (GtCO2-eq) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that would have resulted from fossil fuel burning. On the basis of global projection data that take into account the effects of the Fukushima accident, we find that nuclear power could additionally prevent an average of 420 0007.04 million deaths and 80240 GtCO2-eq emissions due to fossil fuels by midcentury, depending on which fuel it replaces. By contrast, we assess that large-scale expansion of unconstrained natural gas use would not mitigate the climate problem and would cause far more deaths than expansion of nuclear power. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday December 20 2013, 13:15 : 13:15 PART I seminar room 2nd floor: Andreas Martitsch on Introductory discussion about Positron physics (material research related) , Basic tutorial. 14:00 PART II lecture hall P2: Prof. Dr. Peter Mascher on Insight into Nanostructured Materials with Positrons Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday December 06 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Christoph Heil on Superconductivity III: , Unconventionsl Superconductivty , by M. R.Norman arXiv:1302.3176, (2013)Abstract A brief review of unconventional superconductivity is given, stretching from the halcyon days of helium-3 to the modern world of Majorana fermions. Along the way, we will encounter such strange beasts as heavy fermion superconductors, cuprates, and their iron-based cousins. Emphasis will be put on the fact that in almost all cases, an accepted microscopic theory has yet to emerge. This is attributed to the difficulty of constructing a theory of superconductivity outside the Migdal - Eliashberg framework. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Abstract This is the second part of our three week session on superconductivity. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday November 22 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Anonius Dorda on Superconductivity I: BCS theory , materials: 1) lecture notes: Carsten Timm, Theory of Superconductivity, TU Dresden, chapter 10 BCS theory available at 2) book: Michael Tinkham, Introduction to superconductivity, chapter 3 The BCS TheoryAbstract This is the first part of our three week session on superconductivity. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday November 15 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Manuel Zingl on From Few to Many: Observing the Formation of a Fermi Sea One Atom at a Time , by A. N. Wenz, G. Zrn, S. Murmann, I. Brouzos, T. Lompe and S. Jochim Science 324, 6157, 457-460 (2013) or arXiv:1307.3443Abstract Knowing when a physical system has reached sufficient size for its macroscopic properties to be well described by many-body theory is difficult. We investigated the crossover from few - to many-body physics by studying quasione-dimensional systems of ultracold atoms consisting of a single impurity interacting with an increasing number of identical fermions. We measured the interaction energy of such a system as a function of the number of majority atoms for different strengths of the interparticle interaction. As we increased the number of majority atoms one by one, we observed fast convergence of the normalized interaction energy toward a many-body limit calculated for a single impurity immersed in a Fermi sea of majority particles. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday November 8 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Martin Nuss on Band-dependent Quasiparticle Dynamics in Single Crystals of the Ba0:6K0:4Fe2As2 Superconductor Revealed by Pump-Probe Spectroscopy , by Darius H. Torchinsky, G. F. Chen, J. L. Luo, N. L. Wang, and Nuh Gedik PRL 105, 027005 (2010) or arXiv:0905.0678v2Abstract We report on band-dependent quasiparticle dynamics in Ba0:6K0:4Fe2As2 (Tc 37 K) measured using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. In the superconducting state, we observe two distinct relaxation processes: a fast component whose decay rate increases linearly with excitation density and a slow component with an excitation density independent decay rate. We argue that these two components reflect the recombination of quasiparticles in the two hole bands through intraband and interband processes. We also find that the thermal recombination rate of quasiparticles increases quadratically with temperature. The temperature and excitation density dependence of the decays indicates fully gapped hole bands and nodal or very anisotropic electron bands. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday October 25 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Max Sorantin on Unveiling the Higgs mechanism to students to students , by Giovanni Organtini available at Eur. J. Phys. 33 1397 (2012) or arXiv:1207.2146Abstract In this paper we give the outline of a lecture given to undergraduate students aiming at understanding why physicists are so much interested in the Higgs boson. The lecture has been conceived for students not yet familiar with advanced physics and is suitable for several disciplines, other than physics. The Higgs mechanism is introduced by semi-classical arguments mimicking the basic field theory concepts, assuming the validity of a symmetry principle in the expression of the energy of particles in a classical field. The lecture is divided in two parts: the first, suitable even to high--school students, shows how the mass of a particle results as a dynamical effect due to the interaction between a massless particle and a field (as in the Higgs mechanism). The audience of the second part, much more technical, consists mainly of teachers and university students of disciplines other than physics. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday October 18 2013, 14:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Martin Ganahl on Bosonisation for beginners refermionisation for experts , by Jan von Delft and Herbert Schoeller Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 7, 4, 225-306 (1998) or arXiv:condMat:9805275Abstract This tutorial review gives an elementary and self-contained derivation of the standard identities (psi eta(x) Feta e, etc.) for abelian bosonization in 1 dimension in a system of finite size L, following and simplifying Haldanes constructive approach. As a non-trivial application, we rigorously resolve (following Furusaki) a recent controversy regarding the tunneling density of states, dos(omega), at the site of an impurity in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid: we use finite-size refermionization to show exactly that for g 12 its asymptotic low-energy behavior is dos(omega) omega. This agrees with the results of Fabrizio and Gogolin and of Furusaki, but not with those of Oreg and Finkelstein (probably because we capture effects not included in their mean-field treatment of the Coulomb gas that they obtained by an exact mapping their treatment of anti-commutation relations in this mapping is correct, however, contrary to recent suggestions in the literature). The tutorial is addressed to readers with little or no prior knowledge of bosonization, who are interested in seeing all the details explicitly it is written at the level of beginning graduate students, requiring only knowledge of second quantization, but not of field theory (which is not needed here). At the same time, we hope that experts too might find useful our explicit treatment of certain subtleties that can often be swept under the rug, but are crucial for some applications, such as the calculation of dos(omega) these include the proper treatment of the so-called Klein factors that act as fermion-number ladder operators (and also ensure the anti-commutation of different species of fermion fields), the i phi(x)retention of terms of order 1L, and a novel, rigorous formulation of finite-size refermionization of both F e and the boson field phi(x) itself. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday October 11 2013, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Journal Club opening about this semester , by Martin Nuss Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday June 28 2013, 11:30 lecture hall P3, 2nd floor : Professor Strinati on Superfluid gap of a fermionic system from the BCS to the Bose-Einstein condensate limit:approach based on a coarse-graining of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. , Abstract Inhomogeneous superconductors can, in principle, be described in terms of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations, whose difficult implementation, however, limits their use to a few simple cases in practice. Simplifying features occur close to the critical tempearture, where the BdG equations have been shown long ago by Gorkov to reduce to the Ginzburg - Landau differential equation for the gap parameter of highly overlapping Cooper pairs, which is much simpler to solve than the original BdG equations themelves. In an analogous fashion, more recently it has also been shown that, in the limit of strong inter-particle interaction where non-overlapping composite bosons form out of the constituent fermions, the BdG equations reduce to the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation for composite bosons at low temperature, an equation that has played a major role in the last several years for describing Bose-Einstein condensate of trapped dilute Bose gases. The question naturally arises whether it would be possible to find a generalized non-liinear differential equaton for the gap parameter, that would be able to replace the BdG equation in an extended portion of the coupling vs temperature phase diagram over which the the BCS-BEC crossover from highly overlapping Cooper pairs to dilute composite bosons can occur. Here, a non-linear (LPDA) differential equation for the gap parameter of a superfluid Fermi system is obtained by performing a suitable coarse graining of the BdG equations for any coupling throughout the BCS-BEC crossover and from zero temperature up to the critical temperature, aiming at replacing the time-consuming solution of the original BdG equations by the simpler solution of this novel equation. We perform a favorable numerical test for the practical validity of this new LPDA equation over most the temperature-coupling phase diagram, by an explicit comparison with the full solution of the original BdG equations for an isolated vortex. In addition, the LPDA equation reduces both to the GL equation for highly-overlapping Cooper pairs in weak coupling close to the critical temperature and to theGP equation for dilute composite bosons in strong coupling at low temperature. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday June 14 2013, 11:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Wojciech Czart on Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the Penson-Kolb-Hubbard model: s-wave pairing vs eta-pairing , by W. R. Czart, S. Robaszkiewicz and B. Tobijaszewska Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 244, No. 7, 23272330 (2007)Abstract The extended Hubbard model with pair-hopping interaction J, i. e. the so-called Penson-Kolb-Hubbard model, is studied. In the analysis we focus on the properties of the superconducting states with Cooper-pair center-of - mass momentum q 0 (S-phase) and q Q (eta-phase). The evolutions of thermodynamic and electromagnetic characteristics at T 0 and the critical temperatures with interaction parameters and particle concentration are discussed for d-dimensional hypercubic lattices. In the analysis we have used a linear response theory and the electromagnetic kernel has been evaluated within the HFA-RPA scheme. For d 2 SQ lattices the effects of phase fluctuations on the transition temperatures are examined within the Kosterlitz - Thouless (KT) scenario. The KT critical temperatures Tc are calculated and compared with the ones obtained in BCS-HFA, Tp. The plots of Tc versus the inverse square penetration depth are determined. Except for weak coupling limit these plots have a shape similar to the experimental Uemuras plots obtained for various classes of short-coherence length superconductors. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday June 7 2013, 11:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Antonius Dorda on Thermoelectric transport with electron-phonon coupling and electron-electron interaction in molecular junctions , by Jie Ren, Jian-Xin Zhu, James E. Gubernatis, Chen Wang and Baowen Li Phys. Rev. B 85, 155443 (2012)Abstract Within the framework of nonequilibrium Greens functions, we investigate the thermoelectric transport in a single molecular junction with electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions. By transforming into a displaced phonon basis, we are able to deal with these interactions non - perturbatively. Then, by invoking the weak tunneling limit, we are able to calculate the thermoelectricity. Results show that at low temperatures, resonances of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT occur around the sides of resonances of electronic conductance but drops dramatically to zero at exactly these resonant points. We find ZT can be enhanced by increasing electron-phonon coupling and Coulomb repulsion, and an optimal enhancement is obtained when these two interactions are competing. Our results indicate a great potential for single-molecular-junctions as good thermoelectric devices over a wide range of temperatures. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday May 24 2013, 11:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Christoph Heil on Charge Frustration in a Tringular Triple Quantum Dot , by M. Seo, H. K. Choi, S.-Y. Lee1, N. Kim, Y. Chung, H.-S. Sim, V. Umansky, and D. Mahalu Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 046803 (2013)Abstract We experimentally investigate the charge (isospin) frustration induced by a geometrical symmetry in a triangular triple quantum dot. We observe the ground-state charge configurations of sixfold degeneracy, the manifestation of the frustration. The frustration results in omnidirectional charge transport, and it is accompanied by nearby nontrivial triple degenerate states in the charge stability diagram. The findings agree with a capacitive interaction model. We also observe unusual transport by the frustration, which might be related to elastic cotunneling and the interference of trajectories through the dot. This work demonstrates a unique way of studying geometrical frustration in a controllable way. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Abstract Some subtleties and apparent difficulties associated with the notion of spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry in quantum mechanics are identified and resolved. A model exhibiting that phenomenon is displayed. The possibility and significance of breaking of imaginary time-translation symmetry is discussed. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday May 3 2013, 11:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Faruk Geles on Effect of crystal-field splitting and interband hybridization on the metal-insulator transitions of strongly correlated systems , by Alexander I. Poteryaev, Michel Ferrero, Antoine Georges, and Olivier Parcollet Phys. Rev. B 78, 045115 (2008)Abstract We investigate a quarter-filled two-band Hubbard model involving a crystal-field splitting, which lifts the orbital degeneracy as well as an interorbital hopping (interband hybridization). Both terms are relevant to the realistic description of correlated materials such as transition-metal oxides. The nature of the Mott metal-insulator transition is clarified and is found to depend on the magnitude of the crystal-field splitting. At large values of the splitting, a transition from a two-band to a one-band metal is first found as the on-site repulsion is increased and is followed by a Mott transition for the remaining band, which follows the single-band (Brinkman-Rice) scenario well documented previously within dynamical mean-field theory. At small values of the crystal-field splitting, a direct transition from a two-band metal to a Mott insulator with partial orbital polarization is found, which takes place simultaneously for both orbitals. This t Friday March 01 2013, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : general discussion about this semester , by Martin Nuss Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. ransition is characterized by a vanishing of the quasiparticle weight for the majority orbital but has a first-order character for the minority orbital. It is pointed out that finite-temperature effects may easily turn the metallic regime into a bad metal close to the orbital polarization transition in the metallic phase. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Friday April 26 2013, 11:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Markus Aichhorn on Fluctuation driven topological Hund insulator , by Jan Carl Budich, Bjrn Trauzettel and Giorgio Sangiovanni arXiv:1211.3059 (2012)Abstract We investigate in the framework of dynamical mean field theory a two-band Hubbard model based on the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Hamiltonian describing the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect in HgTe quantum wells. In the presence of interaction, Friday March 01 2013, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : general discussion about this semester , by Martin Nuss Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. we find that a system with topologically trivial non - interacting parameters can be driven into a QSH phase at finite interaction strength by virtue of local dynamical fluctuations. For very strong interaction, the system reenters a trivial insulating phase by going through a Mott transition. We obtain the phase diagram of our model by direct calculation of the bulk topological invariant of the interacting system in terms of its single particle Greens function. Thanks to Basisgruppe Physik, Red Bull and ITPcp for support. Wednesday April 17 2013, 12:45 seminar room 2nd floor : Johann Pototschnig on The Kerr-de Sitter universe , by Sarp Akcay and Richard A Matzner Class. Quantum Grav. 28, 8 085012 (2011)Abstract It is now widely accepted that the universe as we understand it is accelerating in expansion and fits the de Sitter model rather well. As such, a realistic assumption of black holes must place them on a de Sitter background and not Minkowski as is typically done in general relativity. The most astrophysically relevant black hole is the uncharged, rotating Kerr solution, a member of the more general Kerr Newman metrics. A generalization of the rotating Kerr black hole to a solution of the Einsteins equation with a cosmological constant was discovered by Carter (1973 Les Astres Occlus ed B DeWitt and C M DeWitt (New York: Gordon and Breach)). It is typically referred to as the Kerrde Sitter spacetime. Here, we discuss the horizon structure of this spacetime and its dependence on . We recall that in a 0 universe, the term extremal black hole refers to a black hole with angular momentum J M2. We obtain explicit numerical results for the black holes maximal spin value and get a distribution of admissible Kerr holes in the (, spin) parameter space. We look at the conformal structure of the extended spacetime and the embedding of the 3-geometry of the spatial hypersurfaces. In analogy with Reissner Nordstrmde Sitter spacetime, in particular by considering the Kerrde Sitter causal structure as a distortion of the ReissnerNordstrm de Sitter one, we show that spatial sections of the extended spacetime are 3-spheres containing two-dimensional topologically spherical sections of the horizons of Kerr holes at the poles. Depending on how a t constant 3-space is defined, these holes may be seen as black or white holes (four possible combinations). Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Abstract The 1937 theoretical discovery of Majorana fermions--whose defining property is that they are their own anti-particles--has since impacted diverse problems ranging from neutrino physics and dark matter searches to the fractional quantum Hall effect and superconductivity. Despite this long history the unambiguous observation of Majorana fermions nevertheless remains an outstanding goal. This review article highlights recent advances in the condensed matter search for Majorana that have led many in the field to believe that this quest may soon bear fruit. We begin by introducing in some detail exotic topological one - and two-dimensional superconductors that support Majorana fermions at their boundaries and at vortices. We then turn to one of the key insights that arose during the past few years namely, that it is possible to engineer such exotic superconductors in the laboratory by forming appropriate heterostructures with ordinary s-wave superconductors. Numerous proposals of this type are discussed, based on diverse materials such as topological insulators, conventional semiconductors, ferromagnetic metals, and many others. The all-important question of how one experimentally detects Majorana fermions in these setups is then addressed. We focus on three classes of measurements that provide smoking-gun Majorana signatures: tunneling, Josephson effects, and interferometry. Finally, we discuss the most remarkable properties of condensed matter Majorana fermions--the non-Abelian exchange statistics that they generate and their associated potential for quantum computation. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Friday March 22 2013, 11:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Max Sorantin on What if time really exists , by Sean M. Carroll arXiv:0811.3772 (2008)Abstract Despite the obvious utility of the concept, it has often been argued that time does not exist. I take the opposite perspective: lets imagine that time does exist, and the universe is described by a quantum state obeying ordinary time-dependent quantum mechanics. Reconciling this simple picture with the known facts about our universe turns out to be a non-trivial task, but by taking it seriously we can infer deep facts about the fundamental nature of reality. The arrow of time finds a plausible explanation in a Heraclitean universe, described by a quantum state eternally evolving in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Friday March 08 2013, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : Christoph Heil and Martin Nuss on Shedding light on the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors , by Christoph Heil, Markus Aichhorn, Heinrich Sormann, Ewald Schachinger and Wolfgang von der Linden see for example arXiv:1210.2593 (2012) Abstract Whether superconductivity in iron-pnictides and - chalcogenides stems from local or itinerant effects is a question still debated on. In order to investigate the influence of Fermi surface nesting on the pairing mechanism, we calculate from first-principles calculations the static and dynamic susceptibility of various iron-based compounds. We show that the susceptibility depends sensitively on doping and pressure application and confront our theoretical results with conclusions drawn from experiments. For instance, our results give evidence that pairing through Fermi-nesting mechanisms alone is not sufficient to explain the evolution of the transition temperature with pressure in FeSe. A variational cluster approach to strongly correlated quantum systems out of equilibrium , by Martin Nuss, Enrico Arrigoni and Wolfgang von der Linden see for example Phys. Rev. B 86, 245119 (2012) Abstract The theoretical understanding of the non-equilibrium behavior of strongly correlated quantum many - body systems is a long standing challenge, which has become increasingly relevant with the progress made in the fields of molecular-and nano - electronics, spintronics, spectroscopy or quantum optics and simulation. We report on the development of non-equilibrium cluster perturbation theory, and its variational improvement, the non-equilibrium variational cluster approach for steady-state situations. Both methods are based on the Keldysh Greens function technique which allows accessing single particle dynamic quantities. These flexible and versatile techniques can in principle be applied to any fermionic bosonic lattice Hamiltonian, including multi-band and multi-impurity systems. We present results for the steady-state of molecular nanoscopic devices under bias including the effects of electron-electron interactions and magnetic fields. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Friday March 01 2013, 12:00 seminar room 2nd floor : general discussion about this semester , by Martin Nuss Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday January 28 2013, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : general discussion about Unconventional Superconductivity from Local Spin Fluctuations in the Kondo Lattice , by Oliver Bodensiek, Rok Zitko, Matthias Vojta, Mark Jarrell and Thomas Pruschke arXiv:1301.5556 (2013) Abstract The explanation of heavy-fermion superconductivity is a long-standing challenge to theory. It is commonly thought to be connected to non-local fluctuations of either spin or charge degrees of freedom and therefore of unconventional type. Here we present results for the Kondo-lattice model, a paradigmatic model to describe heavy-fermion compounds, obtained from dynamical mean-field theory which captures local correlation effects only. Unexpectedly, we find robust s-wave superconductivity in the heavy-fermion state. We argue that this novel type of pairing is tightly connected to the formation of heavy quasiparticle bands and the presence of strong local spin fluctuations. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday January 21 2013, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Werner Dobrautz on Computational Complexity and Fundamental Limitations to Fermionic Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations , by Matthias Troyer and Uwe-Jens Wiese Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 170201 (2005)Abstract Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, while being efficient for bosons, suffer from the negative sign problem when applied to fermionscausing an exponential increase of the computing time with the number of particles. A polynomial time solution to the sign problem is highly desired since it would provide an unbiased and numerically exact method to simulate correlated quantum systems. Here we show that such a solution is almost certainly unattainable by proving that the sign problem is nondeterministic polynomial (NP) hard, implying that a generic solution of the sign problem would also solve all problems in the complexity class NP in polynomial time. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday January 14 2013, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Faruk Geles on Janus-faced influence of the Hunds rule coupling in strongly correlated materials , by Luca de Medici, Jernej Mravlje and Antoine Georges Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 256401 (2012)Abstract We show that in multiband metals the correlations are strongly affected by Hunds rule coupling, which depending on the filling promotes metallic, insulating or bad-metallic behavior. The quasiparticle coherence and the proximity to a Mott insulator are influenced distinctly and, away from single - and half-filling, in opposite ways. A strongly correlated bad metal far from a Mott phase is found there. We propose a concise classification of 3d and 4d transition-metal oxides within which the ubiquitous occurrence of strong correlations in Ru - and Cr-based oxides, as well as the recently measured high Nel temperatures in Tc-based perovskites are naturally explained. For supplementary information see review: Strong electronic correlations from Hunds coupling, by Antoine Georges, Luca de Medici, Jernej Mravlje, available at: arXiv:1207.3033 (2012) Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday January 7 2013, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Simon Erker on Mott criticality and pseudogap in Bose-Fermi mixtures , by Ehud Altman, Eugene Demler, Achim Rosch arXiv: 1205.4026Abstract We study the Mott transition of a mixed Bose-Fermi system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, where the number of (spinless) fermions and bosons adds up to one atom per lattice, nFnB1. For weak interactions, a Fermi surface coexists with a Bose-Einstein condensate while for strong interaction the system is incompressible but still characterized by a Fermi surface of composite fermions. At the critical point, the spectral function of the fermions, A(k, w), exhibits a pseudo-gapped behavior, rising as w at the Fermi momentum, while in the Mott phase it is fully gapped. Taking into account the interaction between the critical modes leads at very low temperatures either to p-wave pairing or the transition is driven weakly first order. The same mechanism should also be important in antiferromagnetic metals with a small Fermi surface. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday December 17 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Markus Aichhorn on Quantum Hall Effects, Chapter IV Strong correlations and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (pg 65-89) , by M. O. Goerbig arXiv:0909.1998This is part one of our three week session on Quantum Hall effects. Abstract These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic-energy quantisation of non-relativistic and the relativistic electrons in a strong magnetic field (chapter 2). Chapter 3 is devoted to the transport characteristics of the integer quantum Hall effect, and the basic aspects of the fractional quantum Hall effect are described in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we briefly discuss several multicomponent quantum Hall systems, namely the quantum Hall ferromagnetism, bilayer systems and graphene that may be viewed as a four-component system. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday December 03 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Christoph Heil on Topological insulators from the Perspective of first-principles calculations , by Haijun Zhang and Shou-Cheng Zhang arXiv:1209.6446Abstract Topological insulators are new quantum states with helical gapless edge or surface states inside the bulk band gap. These topological surface states are robust against the weak time-reversal invariant perturbations, such as lattice distortions and non-magnetic impurities. Recently a variety of topological insulators have been predicted by theories, and observed by experiments. First-principles calculations have been widely used to predict topological insulators with great success. In this review, we summarize the current progress in this field from the perspective of first-principles calculations. First of all, the basic concepts of topological insulators and the frequently-used techniques within first-principles calculations are briefly introduced. Secondly, we summarize general methodologies to search for new topological insulators. In the last part, based on the band inversion picture first introduced in the context of HgTe, we classify topological insulators into three types with s-p, p-p and d-f, and discuss some representative examples for each type. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday November 26 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Martin Nuss on second part: Quantum Hall Effects, Chapter III Integer Quantum Hall Effect (pg 43-65) , by M. O. Goerbig arXiv:0909.1998This is part one of our three week session on Quantum Hall effects. Abstract These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic-energy quantisation of non-relativistic and the relativistic electrons in a strong magnetic field (chapter 2). Chapter 3 is devoted to the transport characteristics of the integer quantum Hall effect, and the basic aspects of the fractional quantum Hall effect are described in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we briefly discuss several multicomponent quantum Hall systems, namely the quantum Hall ferromagnetism, bilayer systems and graphene that may be viewed as a four-component system. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday November 19 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Martin Nuss on first part: Quantum Hall Effects, Chapter III Integer Quantum Hall Effect (pg 43-65) , by M. O. Goerbig arXiv:0909.1998This is part one of our three week session on Quantum Hall effects. Abstract These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic-energy quantisation of non-relativistic and the relativistic electrons in a strong magnetic field (chapter 2). Chapter 3 is devoted to the transport characteristics of the integer quantum Hall effect, and the basic aspects of the fractional quantum Hall effect are described in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we briefly discuss several multicomponent quantum Hall systems, namely the quantum Hall ferromagnetism, bilayer systems and graphene that may be viewed as a four-component system. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday November 12 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Martin Ganahl on Quantum Hall Effects, Chapter II Landau Quantisation (pg 21-43) , by M. O. Goerbig arXiv:0909.1998This is part one of our three week session on Quantum Hall effects. Abstract These lecture notes yield an introduction to quantum Hall effects both for non-relativistic electrons in conventional 2D electron gases (such as in semiconductor heterostructures) and relativistic electrons in graphene. After a brief historical overview in chapter 1, we discuss in detail the kinetic-energy quantisation of non-relativistic and the relativistic electrons in a strong magnetic field (chapter 2). Chapter 3 is devoted to the transport characteristics of the integer quantum Hall effect, and the basic aspects of the fractional quantum Hall effect are described in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we briefly discuss several multicomponent quantum Hall systems, namely the quantum Hall ferromagnetism, bilayer systems and graphene that may be viewed as a four-component system. Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday November 05 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Andreas Martitsch on Mysteries of Astronomy - What Is Dark Energy How Hot Is Dark Matter , by Robert Coontz and Adrian Cho Science 336, 6085, 1090 (2012) The speaker will focus on the first two contributions by Adrian Cho: What Is Dark Energy SHow Hot Is Dark MatterAbstract Endless mysteries lurk in the depths of space. To pare the list down to eight now, theres a challenge. In deciding what to include in this section, Sciences news staff teamed up with Science Associate Editor Maria Cruz and consulted researchers on the Board of Reviewing Editors and elsewhere. From the outset, the team decided that true mysteries must have staying power (as opposed to mere questions that researchers might resolve in the near future). Some of the finalists are obvious shoo-ins others have received less of the popular limelight. The final selection spans the entire history of the universe on scales ranging from our sun and its planetary system to the entire cosmos. Each mystery is sure to be solved largely through astronomical observations if it is solved: In at least one case, experts arent sure that a seemingly simple question will ever be answered. (What Is Dark Energy. How Hot Is Dark Matter. Where Are the Missing Baryons. How Do Stars Explode. What Reionized the Universe. Whats the Source of the Most Energetic Cosmic Rays. Why Is the Solar System So Bizarre. Why Is the Suns Corona So Hot) Thanks to Red Bull for sponsoring. Monday October 22 2012, 12:30 seminar room 2nd floor : Prof. Bernhard Schnizer on Stark-Zeemann-Effect in the HyperfineStructure of AlkaliAtoms. Level Crossings, Avoided Level Crossings, Geometric Phase: Theoretical investigations on the Stark-Zeeman effect of the 2p 2P32-level in 6Li for perpendicularly crossed fields , by E. Roessl, B. Schnizer, and M. Musso Eur. Phys. J. D 37, 187-200 (2006)Abstract The splitting behaviour of the 2p 2P32 hyperfine structure levels is investigated in 6Li for homogeneous crossed electric and magnetic fields (Stark-Zeeman effect). This is done by diagonalizing the perturbation matrix comprising the hyperfine interaction, the electronic and nuclear magnetic interaction and the effective electric interaction obtained by transforming the quadratic Stark effect to a first order perturbation interaction. Symmetries are used to find analytic formulae for level shifts and crossing points if only one external field is present. A reflection symmetry unbroken with all three interactions present permits the decomposition of the 12 12 matrix into two 6 6 submatrices. The structure of energy eigenvalue surfaces IFMF (B, E) of the two subsystems is found by numeric diagonalization of the perturbation matrix and is displayed in the ranges B Stay Up to Date With Whats Happening